Key Elements Of Corporate Governance Accounting Essay

Caltex was incorporated in 1936 as the consequence of a amalgamation between U.S. based oil companies Socal and Texaco. Caltex is the largest seller of crude oil merchandises and top convenience retail merchant in Australia. Caltex besides have operations in different states. The chief end of the concern is safe and dependable supply for all clients. We continue to construct our place as Australia ‘s taking provider of crude oil fuels by farther investing in our supply concatenation and selling assets. Caltex is an independent company listed on the Australian Securities Exchange ( ASX ) and incorporated in Australia. Chevron Corporation holds a 50 % involvement in Caltex Australia Limited. The staying 50 % ownership of Caltex is made up of more than 27,000 stockholders. Although Chevron has a big retention, Caltex operates with an independent board and direction. ( Caltex 2011 ) Corporate administration refers to the set of rules and procedures by which a company is governed. These rules provide guidelines sing the way in which the company can be controlled so that it can carry through its ends and aims in a mode that adds to the value of the company and is besides good for all stakeholders in the long term. Stakeholders would include everyone from the board of managers, stockholders to clients, employees and society. Corporate administration is concerned carry oning the concern with all unity, being crystalline, doing all necessary determinations, following with all the Torahs of the land and committedness of transporting concern in an ethical mode. More over corporate administration is besides known to be one of the standards that foreign investors are mostly depending on when make up one's minding on which companies to put in. Additionally, the portion of monetary value of the company is besides known to be positively influenced by corporate administratio n. ( Economictimes 2009 ) Cardinal Elementss of Corporate Governance For such big houses like Caltex, there are many cardinal elements of corporate administration that are important for the company and they help in guarding against corporate failures. These elements include: Transparency Conflict of involvements Issue of Integrity To guard against corporate failures these countries should be taken attention of in order to avoid any unanticipated amendss to the company.Transparency:Stakeholders will hold more assurance in the direction if a company is crystalline plenty and studies stuff facts in existent clip. Cost of capital would travel down because stakeholders will be more willing to put in the company. Jointly, all these factors enable the house ‘s productive capacity and productiveness to better ( Economybuilding 2011 ) . For investors, transparence provides greater protection in all facet of corporate administration. An investor would cognize how the house is executing if there is transparence in the organisation. In add-on to that transparence in compensation of employees and managers, gross revenues inducements and other human resource patterns decreases the opportunity for misdirection and unethical patterns, which may harm the house. Effective corporate administration besides helps attracts and retain employees ( Webster 2013 ) . Organizations must follow with the rules of transparence to carry on concern in true, just, symmetrical and timely mode all the information reflecting the direction and activities. These regulations should non be set merely as a formal construct of being of corporate administration regulations. ( Iconsejeros 2005 )Conflict of Interest:The companies which are non focussed towards the involvement of stockholders by and large experience failure because they value their involvement at the disbursal of others. In the long tally, to be successful a house requires protecting and valuing the involvements of stockholders instead than the house ‘s involvement. ( Turner n.d. ) Ranging from local to planetary, in public and corporate domain, struggle of involvement occurs at all degrees of administration. Decision doing procedures are frequently distorted by struggles of involvement and generate unfavourable or inappropriate results for the house, thereby sabotaging the operation of public establishments and markets. However, the current tendency towards ordinance, which seeks to forestall and pull off struggles of involvement, has its monetary value. The suppression of decision-making procedures, the loss of expertness among decision-makers and a barbarous circle of misgiving are the drawbacks. ( Handschin 2012 ) Large houses should hold a process established for the control and declaration of any struggle of involvement which may originate within the organisation. Audit commission or the Remunerations commissions should reexamine if any state of affairs of struggle of involvement arises between the company and its stockholders, managers or officers. ( Iconsejeros 2005 ) Stockholders can non supervise themselves the directors that they hire, so they appoint board of managers to do certain no struggle of involvement arises which may travel against the stockholders of the house. In order to avoid any failures house should do certain that their board is independent, resourceful and have the necessary experience to judge the actions of senior direction. ( Kayanga 2008 )Issue of Integrity:Presently, the chief issue in the field of corporate administration is non whether most listed companies follow the assorted commissariats but the chief focal point is whether the top direction of large organisations is seen as possessed of unity in the eyes of public. ( Applied-Corporate-Governance 2013 ) Recent high profile concern failures raise issues which are dejecting from many positions, domestic and international. These failures raised inquiries sing the responsibilities and patterns of managers, directors, hearers, attorneies, investing bankers, analysts and evaluation bureaus. Assurance sing cheque and balances support the operation of our market has been shaken severely. These issues threaten the credibleness of corporate and fiscal leading. The most major deductions of recent events of failure relate to corporate administration and public presentation of Board of Directors. Bottom line for all big organisations is that board is responsible for the entity ‘s unity as it is the ultimate authorization for the governed entity. Individually, every manager needs to take duty for the unity of the organisation he or she serves. Directors must see the organisation ‘s unity as an extension of their ain. ( Stalwart 2002 )

Theories Of Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Theories Of Motivation - Essay Example Maslow's hierarchical nature of human needs points to what motivates a person at a particular stage of his/her career. For example, people at the bottom of the 7-stage pyramid of the hierarchy value the basic physiological needs more. When the lower stage needs are met, the relevant factors lose their importance as motivators and a higher degree of motivating factors come into play, which is more psychological nature. Thus, as they move up to, for example, the fourth stage, self-worth, and self-esteem become more relevant as ‘needs’ – in other words, motivating factors. Significantly, Sun-2-Shade workers seem to be yearning for such recognition having already achieved secure jobs, good pay and working in a progressive/growing company.A word about the interaction of the age factor is relevant. The supervisor and the workers are of the age group – Gen Xers and Millennials. Obviously, the age group is a mix of the seniors of the former and juniors of the latte r categories. Gen Xers prefer ‘flexibility and freedom’ while Millennials value ‘structured, supportive environment’ but can ‘expect and demand more’ (ibid.). Hence there are subtle differences in the groups of workers and this can point to the solution to the problem.Using Herzberg and McGregor theoriesHerzberg's two-factor motivation theory proposed that hygiene factors have the ability to reduce dissatisfaction while motivators increase job satisfaction.... Significantly, Sun-2-Shade workers seem to be yearning for such recognition having already achieved secure jobs, good pay and working in a progressive/growing company. A word about the interaction of the age factor is relevant. The supervisor and the workers are of the age group – Gen Xers (born 1965-‘76 period) and Millennials (born 1977-‘98 period) (Thielfoldt and Scheef, 2004). Obviously, the age group is a mix of the seniors of the former and juniors of the latter categories. Gen Xers prefer ‘flexibility and freedom’ while Millennials value ‘structured, supportive environment’ but can ‘expect and demand more’ (ibid.). Hence there are subtle differences in the groups of workers and this can point to the solution to the problem. Using Herzberg and McGregor theories Herzberg’s two factor motivation theory proposed that hygiene factors have the ability to reduce dissatisfaction while motivators increase job satisfaction (Anon., n.d, online). The hygiene factors like pay and benefits, job security, working conditions, company policies, etc. determine how an individual rates his job/employer against his own expectations. In the process of such assessment, the individual is less concerned about his own credentials and more concerned with what he is getting out of the job. The better the hygiene factors the more the satisfaction level, which then works as the basis for the motivators. The motivators like work content, recognition, promotion etc. help an individual to gain a sense of job satisfaction. Hence, the Herzberg theory supports the view that motivation cannot be achieved if the underlying hygiene factors are ignored. McGregor’s

Capstone community health improvement project Assignment

Capstone community health improvement project - Assignment Example Drug abuse is historically a real problem in United States. Drug abuse affects both the individual and the society. In United States, statistics for overall cost of drug abuse in terms of health, productivity and crime related costs rise above $600 billion per annum with alcohol taking a staggering portion of about $235 billion. Unfortunately, these high figures cannot fully describe the far reaching effect of drug abuse in the society in terms of child abuse, loss of employment, family disintegration and general loss of hope in life (national institute of drug abuse, 2009) Statement of the problem The United States population is estimated at 314,904,151. Population of Florida stands at 19,057,516 according to The Bureau of economic and Business research Population Program, 2012. Alcohol abuse is a major issue in Florida with 55,278 arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol in 2010. Out of 165 people who died in Florida as a result of road accidents, at least one driver had BAC recorded between 0.01% and 0.07%. In 2010, around 110,203 were arrested for illegal drug trafficking and abuse related cases. (DUI-USA.Drink Driving.org). This year, it is estimated that people driving under influence (DUI’s) will be around 83,557 with 994 deaths occurring due to intoxicated driving. It is also estimated that 1,013 deaths will, occur as a result of illicit drug use. According to Department of Children and Families, the local homeless coalitions reported 57,643 residents of Florida in 2010 as homeless .The federal definition of a homeless person is anyone sleeping in a place that is not initially meant for human habitation, a person living in transitional housing for the homeless or a person who originally came from the streets. Any migratory individual living in a place occupied by the homeless is also classified as homeless. Due to the harsh living conditions, the homeless display high levels of drug abuse either to evade the reality of basically becaus e drug abuse itself lead loss of a decent shelter . Apopka is the largest city in Orange County with a population of 40,406 and a median age of 34.1 years. Apopka city has an unemployment rate of about 10.50% which is a representation of a percentage of productive work forces that is not working (Bureau of Economics and Business Research, University of Florida). This unemployed group is vulnerable to drug abuse as well as drug trafficking. People in midlife age especially men are more vulnerable to drug abuse than the larger population. For this reason, the homeless people in the age bracket 30-50 years will be targeted. Mobilization To kick off the mobilization of this project, a selected team of nurses will meet to appoint possible collaborators. Church leaders and community opinion leaders will also be invited to this important meeting. Partners will be selected on the basis of their expertise, ability and willingness to finance the project and involvement in past health projects in the community. Another meeting will be held where all the stakeholders will be invited. In this meeting objectives, mission and vision of the project will be developed. Different stakeholders will also be allocated different roles depending on their expertise and experience. The role of data collection and analysis, project monitoring and evaluation as well as report writing will be allocated to experts from a local university. Resources will also be

FS2003C Investment Analysis assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

FS2003C Investment Analysis assignment - Essay Example The conclusion will be description and reasons for the company chosen to invest. In this paper I have chosen Prudential and BHP Billiton as two multinationals from FTSE 100 firms. I have chosen these companies because they are very reputable in their industries and I want to use investment analysis to compare and to make an investment decision based on this analysis. Prudential is an international financial services group providing retail financial products and services including insurance, fund management and banking products. The company primarily operates in the UK. It is headquartered in London, the UK. Prudential is a holding company. Through its subsidiaries, Co. is engaged in the provision of financial services in the U.K., the U.S. and Asia. Co. operates through five brand names: Prudential, M&G, Egg plc, Jackson National Life and Prudential Corporation Asia. Prudential is a life and pensions providers provider in the United Kingdom. The group recorded revenues of  £41,125 million during the fiscal year ended December 2005, an increase of 21.3% over 2004. The net profit was  £760 million in fiscal year 2005, an increase of 47.3% over 2004. (Prudential, 2006) BHP Billiton is the worlds largest resources group primarily engaged in mineral exploration and production. The groups primary focus areas include carbon steel raw materials, energy coal, nickel, copper concentrate, petroleum and diamonds. It operates globally with more than 100 operating bases in 25 countries. BHP Billiton is a dual listed company comprising BHP Billiton Limited and BHP Billiton Plc. The two entities continue to exist as separate companies, but operate as a combined group known as BHP Billiton. (Billiton, 2006) The global headquarters of the combined BHP Billiton Group are located in Melbourne, Australia. The group employs about 37,000 people. (Billiton, 2006) The group recorded revenues of $32,153 million during the fiscal year ended June 2006, an increase of

Censorship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Censorship - Essay Example The act of censorship is now done more for the benefit of children, yet many people believe it should be the responsibility of the parent to monitor what their children read or watch, and not the responsibility of the government or a stranger from an organization. After all, Cleland’s novel was proven to be harmless. However, this might be different if the book were in the hands of a child. It has been brought up of whether or not media should be censored since times and opinions have changed, and if media is censored, if adults should also face censorship to strengthen the protection towards children. The practice of censorship has evolved to protect children more than anybody else, though adults are also effected by this as it becomes difficult for them to access their own mature media. Books and movies that are considered inappropriate are kept out of reach from younger children. These pieces of media contain subject matter that are too advanced for children, such as excess ive violence, sexual activity, drug and alcohol use, or other topics that are thought to be taboo or else unsuitable for young eyes. This is perhaps the main reason, if not the only reason, why books and movies, as well as many video games, are censored from children. Censorship is not done out of a need to deny children of their entertainment, but to ensure that younger children are obtaining entertainment that is right for them. This may also prove to be overly paternalistic to parents since it may mean difficulties in obtaining their own entertainment, but they still need to play their part in making sure that children cannot access their adult material. On the other side of the argument against censoring media is that it causes many people to cross the line between protecting and overprotecting a child. By censoring certain material, children are being denied glimpses into many of the ideas and concepts of the real world. Censorship tends to go too far, sheltering children from the real world around them. They become unaware of all that the world has to offer in way of unique, independent, and creative thoughts and experiences. Censorship also teaches children that, in regard to media, there is an undue concept of good and evil, which can cause a child to continue to censor themselves as they become adults. They begin to be judgmental at a very young age when growing up in a censored environment, never allowing themselves to open up to everything that the world has to offer to their growing minds. Censorship should be used, but implemented in a way so that children cannot gain access to media that is deemed inappropriate by parents, teachers, and other adults that have authority and influence over children. While many schools, families, and even libraries acknowledge media that is inappropriate based on a common standard of decency, such as media involving graphic sex, drugs, and violence, they still make it readily available for young children to have acc ess. This is because a lot of it remains accessible to adults, but still within grasp of children. The material that should be censored should be done so because the material is too advanced, and oftentimes harsh and graphic, for children. Not only can they be negatively impacted by some of what they read

The Role of Visitors Attractions to the Success of the South Bank Assignment

The Role of Visitors Attractions to the Success of the South Bank - Assignment Example South Bank of the River Thames in London has numerous of the best-recognized attractions and is a large place to spend at least a day of the holiday. The South Bank lies near the River Thames, which stretches under the Tower Bridge, Westminster Bridge, and 212 other bridges. It was enthused by the 1951 Festival of Britain subsequent to post-war austerity and to commemorate the anniversary of the 1851 Great Exhibition held by Queen Victoria. South bank is the biggest single-run arts center in the earth and consists of Royal Festival Hall, The London Eye, The National Theatre, Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre, Gabriel's Wharf and Tate Modern Art Gallery. (Bell, 2010). Visitor attractions symbolize a complex division of the tourism business and are the catalytic focus for the growth of tourism services and infrastructure. As this area develops, there are still numerous queries to be answered and problems to be recognized such as what visitor attractions really are, what forces drive t heir growth, who visits them and why, how they are managed and funded, and what the various day-to-day challenges are regarding their marketing and management. â€Å"A visitor attraction is a valuable addition to a holiday experience in an area. It can provide the vital component which is ‘something-to-do’ in the locality† (Visitor Attraction n.d para.1). With a cultural and artistic melting pot, growing day by day, glittering riverside sights at night, South Bank is one of London’s most exciting and vibrant destinations. Best recognized for being in the vicinity of so many of London’s major and prime attractions, South Bank is also just opposite to the Houses of Parliament, â€Å"a mere stroll from Covent Garden and the Tate Modern and home to the London Eye, the Imperial War Museum and the renowned Royal Festival Hall† (South Bank, 2011, para.1). The South bank Centre includes the Hayward art gallery and also Queen Elizabeth Hall. Part of t he achievement and success of the region have attributed to the high levels of access to public transport. There are several major railway terminals near and on both sides of the river, which include Charing Cross, Waterloo, Blackfriars and the London Underground scheme, from west to east, at Waterloo, Westminster, Blackfriars, Embankment, and Southwark. (South Bank, City Hall- London 2012). Critically evaluate how these attractions have contributed to the success of the South Bank. The designing concept behind the South Bank is bringing together various buildings, connected by the general denominator of their idea: culture. Cultural tourists desire to enjoy exhibitions and concerts, to test local food and study about local ethnicity, to enjoy the ambiance of a place. â€Å"London’s South Bank hosts some of the world’s premier cultural facilities and has long been frequented by many kinds of people: local residents, workers, tourists, and commuters, as well as music, theatre, and museum-goers† (Waterloo: South Bank, 2012, para.1). South Bank cites once more advantage of  its location, which is their main factor of success, in relation to Covent Garden and London’s Houses of Parliament, by the appeal that city iconic images propose; the possibility to have an attractive cultural experience as it mentions the London’s, cultural heart.

Divorce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Divorce - Essay Example Similarly, the aggregate percentage of born again Christians who commit divorce, evangelical and non-evangelical alike, is statistically close to the figure of non-born again adults who have had divorce case with one-third of either population. Evangelicals do not necessarily attend the church though most are said to have had profound conviction in Christ and the doctrine of salvation by grace and if their count is combined with the number of believers who are basically parishioners, roughly about 33% enter into divorce whereas among the atheists and agnostics, 30% are reported to have gone through the similar situation. While the 3% difference may be attributed to the sampling error, the almost identical statistics is typically due to the lower rates of marriage experienced by the non-believers who prefer cohabitation. According to George Barna, â€Å"Americans have grown comfortable with divorce as a natural part of life† that is why such an act or decision of stepping out o f marriage has become prevalent. There apparently exists no huge deal in having divorce as American social structure has absorbed and become accustomed to the idea as if to acknowledge it being an ordinary norm or convention. The increase in cohabitation which correspondingly augments the likelihood of divorce may be claimed to generate a continuing trend especially since U.S.